In 1938 the decision was taken to build a large number of gunpowder and other propellant factories, together with munitions production and storage facilities, in the large wooded area adjacent to Liebenau known as Eikhoffer Heide. In total some 392 buildings were constructed together with 80 km of roads, 42 km of rail track, 2 power stations, water works and test and proof facilities, in all the area covered some 20 sq km. In 1941 it started production and reached full production in 1943 by which time it was producing approx 1200 tons of gunpowder a month.To camouflage the buildings some were built completely underground, others were built to look like normal civilian houses to justify the visible parts of the road network, and the majority were built with large flat overhanging roofs which were covered soil and had mature pine trees and shrubs planted on them, in addition earth bunds were around them with more trees on them. This obviously worked as the site was never attacked nor is it known if Allied Intelligence knew of its existence.

Typical above ground building (above), taken in June 2007. The large workforce, approx 4500, was comprised mainly of slave labour from the east European occupied countries and Russian POWs, they were housed in wooden camps in the area and had only very basic facilities, needless to say the death rate was high but they were easily replaced. The key German and conscripted workers were housed in two camps known as Lager Stein I and II, so named because they were brick built in a typical German rustic style. Stein I was at Liebenau and Stein II at Steyerberg, both had full administrative, catering, recreation and medical facilities. When the British forces advanced through the area they found it to be completely undamaged and in full working order.

Image and information courtesy of Mr Bob Gregory, ex REME